Initial stages of the high-temperature corrosion of commercial Fe-Cr-Ni alloys in a carburizing atmosphere of low oxygen partial pressure

The early stages of corrosion of AISI 314, HK 40, and Alloy 800H have been studied in a strongly carburizing (a_C=0.8), weakly oxidizing atmosphere at 1098 K. Samples with electropolished and cold-worked surfaces were exposed for up to 400 min. at temperature, in a conventional corrosion rig or in a reaction vessel which was installed within an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The latter facility allowed the effects of the specimen heating rate and the rat of gas flow to be investigated. Examination of the corrosion products was accomplished with the aid of XPS, SEM, TEM, and conventional metallography. Initially, surface layers comprised of -Cr₂O₃, (Mn, Cr)₃O₄, and SiO₂ formed, with layer structure, microstructure, and composition being functions of alloy composition and surface condition. Only on the cold-worked surfaces did a well-developed duplex oxide, consisting of an outer, Cr-rich oxide layer and an inner, SiO₂ layer, form. In good agreement with the predicted value of 1.9 wt.%, between 1.4 and 2 wt.% Si in the alloy was required to form a complete SiO₂ layer. After an incubation period, -Cr₂O₃ became unstable and transformed to M₇C₃; the carbides then grew by diffusion of metal from the alloy substrate. The presence of manganese, as (Mn, Cr)₃O₄, in the surface oxide influenced the mode of carbide growth, whereas the rate of carbide growth was severely suppressed by a continuous SiO₂ layer which acted as a diffusion barrier both to metal and to carbon. It is argued that the SiO₂ layer is most effective in reducing carburization when it is free from or contains very few structural defects.     

高硅铝铸件电镀前浸锌工艺研究

研究了一种无氰的高硅铝铸件的浸锌新工艺.通过扫描电子显微镜观察了不同浸锌时间和温度的锌合金层的表面形貌，并对锌合金层的质量及镀层结合力进行了评价和测试.通过正交试验，得到较好的浸锌工艺：浸锌溶液为90 g/L氢氧化钠，9 g/L氧化锌，35 g/L硫酸镍，90 g/L无氰络合剂A，6 g/L混合添加剂B，浸锌温度25 ℃，浸锌时间第一次60 s，第二次30 s.所得的锌合金层结构致密、均匀、颗粒细小、结合力高.     

YG6金刚石涂层刀片衬底真空渗硼预处理新技术研究

本文研究了真空渗硼预处理硬质合金基体的表面组织、形貌、粗糙度，并在处理过的YG6刀片基体上，用强电流直流伸展电弧等离子体CVD法沉积金刚石薄膜涂层。结果表明，真空渗硼预处理不仅可以有效的消除或控制钴在金刚石沉积时的不利影响，而且，还显著粗化硬质合金基体表面。因此，提高了金刚石薄膜的质量和涂层的附着力。     

热镀锌钢表面硅烷膜耐蚀性能的初步研究

将热镀锌(HDG)钢板经不同的表面处理后涂覆硅烷,研究成膜后的耐蚀性能。中性盐雾腐蚀试验和5%NaCl溶液中的电化学极化曲线测试表明:涂覆硅烷膜后,能够抑制热镀锌钢板产生白锈,涂覆前的碱处理和Ce3 盐处理能进一步提高膜层耐蚀性;硅烷膜能降低腐蚀速度,尤其是在镀锌层上经Ce3 盐处理后再涂覆硅烷成膜能够明显地抑制腐蚀过程中的阴极和阳极反应,耐蚀效果最好。     

磨料射流技术用于石油管道表面预处理

从工作原理、工艺流程、技术参数、装置组成等方面 介绍已应用于胜利油田生产的磨料射流油管表面预处理生产线,应用证明：它具有处理质量好、速度快、无污染、操作简便等优点,是进行油管表面预处理的全新工艺.     

使用石墨预处理方法生产风电机球墨铸铁件

介绍了使用石墨预处理方法生产风电机球墨铸铁件的生产实例,试验表明,使用预处理可以在一定程度上细化石墨,单位面积上的石墨球数量提高了2%,较为圆整的石墨球数量提高了8%,球化率提高了1%。采用预处理工艺获得的试样与采用传统工艺获得的试样相比,其平均屈服强度提高5%,抗拉强度提高3%,伸长率提高9%,低温抗冲击强度的平均值和3点最小值都有小幅上升,硬度则有小幅下降。采用预处理工艺后,生产的稳定性和可靠性亦有所提高。     

酸性表面调整工艺对彩涂产品性能的影响

为了获得高质量的涂层钢板，通过一系列的试验研究工作，从微观和宏观两方面证实了彩涂板涂敷前处理工艺中的酸性表面调整处理可提高彩涂板的抗剥离性能和耐蚀能力。     

轴对齐包围盒算法的研究

本文围绕如何提高虚拟环境中物体运动的真实性和实时性,对虚拟环境中的物体进行了预处理,并从相交测试复杂度、紧密性角度对几种常见的包围盒进行了比较,在分析轴对齐包围盒（AABB）树生成基础上,从存储空间的角度对AABB包围盒树的节点进行了存储优化和AABB包围盒树结构的优化,改进后显著提高了碰撞检测的速度,增强了系统的实时性.     

基于Matlab的指纹识别系统的研究与实现

提出了一种基于Matlab的指纹识别方法,改进了传统指纹识别方法中的不足。在经过简单预处理后实现的指纹识别系统的基础上．强调预处理算法与Gabor滤波器为基础的算法相结合,得到了基于Matlab的速度快,识别率高的指纹识别系统。它以人机界面形式实现指纹的识别与匹配,同时还开发了指纹数据库的程序和界面,能添加和清除指纹数据,简单易用,方便准确。     

Magnetic Large-Mesoporous Nanoreactors Enable Enzymatically Regulated Background-Free and Persistently Signalling Diseases Diagnosis

Diverse diseases and increasing prevalence pose a serious threat to public health. Point-of-care testing (POCT) techniques have imposed superior requirements over sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, affordability, and high-throughput. However, transient signal, complex sample pretreatment, and low signal-to-noise ratio make POCT severely limited in detection accuracy, efficiency, and sensitivity. Here, an enzyme-assisted magnetic large-mesoporous nanoreactor (FS) is constructed for achieving persistent-chemiluminescence signal output and eliminating matrix interference in disease diagnosis. The core-shell structured FS synthesized via an interface coassembly method exhibits uniform size, large and open mesopores (≈22 nm), and intrinsic magnetic separability. Such unique FS acts as efficient nanoreactor for confined cascade reactions enable efficient persistent-chemiluminescence (pCL) signal transduction and high-SNR chromogenic analysis of diverse biomarkers. The developed pCL assays facilitate high-sensitive determination of chronic disease biomarkers glucose and uric acid with detection limits (DL) of 5.4 mg L⁻¹ and 151.2 ng L⁻¹, respectively. The proposed chromogenic immunoassay enables an ultrasensitive and visual determination of alpha-fetoprotein with a DL of 1.2 ng L⁻¹, which is superior to previously published immunoassays. The feasibility of the developed methods for real-world applications are demonstrated in 159 clinical serum samples, and the determination results agree well with the clinical data. The proposed technique is expected to promote highly sensitive disease diagnosis in primary medical institutions and resource-limited areas since not relying on expensive automatic sampling and testing instruments. The good flexibility of the customizable nanoreactor makes it a powerful tool for developing various POCT techniques for rapid, sensitive, and accurate diseases diagnosis.